Management Essays

Quality Of Employee Work-Life
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Apr 2017
Introduction: Productivity and performance of an organization have a very strong relationship with quality of employee work life. Labour considered as an important factor of production compared to the other factors...

Quality of Working Life and Work Schedule
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jan 2018
Introduction: In recent past the term “Quality of Work Life” QWL has appeared in research journals and the press with remarkable regularity. The increasing concern for QWL has been due to several factor...

Quality System Management Of Grameenphone Ltd Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In today’s viable background and globalized financial system, consumers are challenging additional varieties and enhanced superiority products or services with faster and reliable deliveries. In...

Quantitative And Qualitative Research
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2017
Introduction: In this chapter will discuss the research methods, the brief discussing the quantitative and qualitative research. The difference research approaches will be compared that to identify an appropriate a...

Raational Goal and Human Relation Models of Management
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Title Critically analyse at least two models of managements on the competing values framework and highlight the role they play in contributing to organisational success. Intro...

Railway Industry Plays A Key Role Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The Railway industry plays a key role in the Britains economy and its infrastructure. The Britain services mostly rely on the rail networks for the travel of passengers and also for the transport of g...

Rainbarrel Productions Corporation
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The Best-Laid Incentive Plans There are a few areas of concern that the Rainbarrel Products Corporation is facing. These areas consist of: lack of discipline, lack of a structured training regimen, an...

Range Of Affect Theory Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Prior to Armstrong, HRM can be described as a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well being of the people working in organizations’. He maintains that...

Rapid Application Development vs. Agile Methodologies
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Abstract As software continues to be developed at a mind-boggling speed, it’s important to step back, and look at how it’s created. Two emerging and popular development methods of t...

Reasons for and benefits of training and development
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Executive Summary Among the first elements in the company that gets the pressed budget of the company is training for employees who often end up on the cost cutting. Unfortunately, the trained employe...

Reasons For Change Within An Organisation Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Some changes are implemented as a result of problems within organisations, but many Changes come about as a result of organisations proactively seeking business benefits such as reducing costs or impr...

Reasons for holding inventories
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction According to the New York Times (1999), the international toy manufacturer Mattel incurred a 500 million dollar shortfall in the period after Thanksgiving all the way up to the end of...

Reasons For Strategic Decision At Thai Airways
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: An inspired and carefully considered business strategy can be used to guide a company to achieve greater profitability and success, as it is known that strategy can be viewed as plan, ploy, pattern, p...

Reasons for the Success of Primark
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jan 2018
Introduction: Overview Primark is one of the biggest chain stores in Europe. It operates in 6 European countries like Ireland, Spain, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Portugal and Germany. The first store was e...

Recommendations And Solutions For Problem
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: Introduction The question of globalization (or macro environment) has become one of the most acute nowadays. It would be important to focus on the fact that the ideas of globalization are not really ...

Recommendations For The Ethical Corporate Social Responsibility Issues Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The corporate social responsibility is the sustaining commitment by business to devote to the economic development and improve the quality of the workforce’s life, and the like. As ...

Recruiting And Hiring Employees
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: Interview a Manager either in hospitality or tourism industries that are responsible for recruiting and hiring new employees. Write a new report on what the new Manager look for in a new employee and ...

Recruiting Suitable Applicants At Mcdonalds Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The recruitment is seen by Lewis as ‘the activity that generates a pool of applicants, who have the desire to be employed by the organization, from which those suitable can be selected’ an...

Recruitment And Retention In Mcdonalds Restaurants Hr Department Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The aim of this report is to debate on the significant issue of recruitment and retention in detail that comes under Human Resources (HR) department in research organisation McDonalds UK and recommend...

Recruitment and Selection Analysis - Emirates Airlines
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jul 2017
Introduction: Human Resource is a term which is used for describing the single entity of the individuals who make the entire work force of any company or organization. Along with the organization, it can be applied...

Recruitment And Selection At Infosys Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: A feeling of energy and vitality, of freshness, of a place where people work in a campus like facility and culture, are unafraid to voice new ideas, of a place where there is minimal hierarchy. Robust...

Recruitment and selection in tesco analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: For a company, whose international business endeavours had recently started its roots, Tesco promoted a workforce planning where structured forecasting of staff demands had been executed. This way, th...

Recruitment and selection methods and procedures of IBM
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Increased globalisation coupled with enhanced customer expectations makes it very difficult for a firm to grow and succeed. Firms need to constantly change the way they react and adapt to this ever ch...

Recruitment and Selection Methods in Tesco
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: Introduction: Recruitment and Selection Process is one of the basic HR Processes. Recruitment and Selection is very sensitive as many managers have a need to hire a new employee and this process is al...

Recruitment And Selection Policies For Companies Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In order to compete successfully in a global market, more companies are beginning to focus on the role of human resources, most importantly on recruitment and selection as a critical part of their cor...

Recruitment and selection Training and development, Diversity and performance
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report focuses on Sainsbury’s human resources strategies regarding its recruitment and selection, Training and development, Diversity and Performance management. The report determines that ...

Recruitment Plan And Strategy For ABC Coffee Shop
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Aug 2021
Introduction: The ABC Coffee Shop cannot recruit new employees in a random manner as needs careful planning and consideration of different aspects that are as follows....

Recruitment Process at Etihad Airways
Example essay. Last modified: 26th May 2017
Introduction: In principle, to ensure that Etihad Airways company moves towards addressing differences in the work-force profile, such “Project Manager Emirati Cabin Crew” assistance should be available...

Recruitment Selection And Retention And Sainsburys Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human resources are the people who work in an organisation; they are the most important people in every organisation. Human resources can provide hard and clear method of their value to look up the pe...

Red Cross A Nonprofit Organization
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The international Red Cross is a non-profit organization which is known for its emergency based planning, controlling, and management. As the organization is not selling any product or service for pro...

Refinery And Petrochemical Integrated Development
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development is considered as the largest petrochemical complex project currently in the region of South East Asia. RAPID project is located in Pengerang, South Ea...

Reflection on Principles of Business Process Re-engineering
Example essay. Last modified: 10th Aug 2017
Introduction: Produce a log or a reflective journal which shows: An analysis of the principles of business change and business process re-engineering, and how they relate to your organisation A description and e...

Reflective Essay on Business and Entrepreneurship
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Sep 2017
Introduction: Reflective Essay I have never really considered much about business and entrepreneurship until I started the Marketing in Hospitality course. I have come to understand how businesses have evolved th...

Reflective Essay on Team Building Skills
Example essay. Last modified: 15th Aug 2017
Introduction: Writing a reflection is comparable to that of using a Pensive, in the direction of reliving the already lived experience with the objective of learning from the past matters to enhance future perfor...

Reflective Journal on Leading and Managing Organizational Change
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: The main purpose of this exercise is to write a critique based on the role play which we have conducted previously. In this simulation there were six identical roles were delegated among our team...

Reflective Paper On Human Resource Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human resource management plays an integral role in assisting any organization attains its set objectives. HRM can be defined as the rational and strategic move towards management of a firm’s wo...

Reflective Portfolio: Self-Evaluation Report
Example essay. Last modified: 10th Jan 2018
Introduction: Executive summarize In this self evaluating report the main task is to evaluate the progress achieved during this term and to determinate in which skills I need to work the most to make an improvement...

Reflective Report on Organisational Management
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Organisational Management Individual reflective assignment In his report, I will try to give you an overview of my experience of working within my group for this first term. Th...

Regency plaza project
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The Design Process Regency Plaza project consist of 300 hotel room and 96 luxury condominiums. Kris Hodgkins has been appointed as project manager for condominium development of Regency Plaza hotel. ...

Relation between unemployment and inflation
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction Unemployment is one of the major problems across the globe which almost all the countries of the world are facing. Unemployment produces unemployed people. Unemployed people are those peo...

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: There is no doubt that one of the major elements of research in organizational behaviour is Leadership. With a quick overlook on the last decade researches, we can find that the researches which are r...

Relationship Between Employer and Employees | PEL, Pakistan
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Jul 2018
Introduction: Every business is looking for a key that unlock their success and satisfy their employees. Employers need employees who go the extra mile and do their best work and employees need jobs that fulfil the...

Relationship Between Goals and Objectives
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: Goals and the objectives are included as parts of the process. What a company expects to accomplish throughout the year is described by goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are essential ...

Relationship Between Leadership And Change Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Organizations have to endure significant and traumatic changes in order to survive in the dynamic and competitive business environment. Leadership plays a vital role in the implementation of organizat...

Relationship Between Leadership and Employee Performance
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Aug 2018
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of leadership on employee performance considering the five factors of leadership development that are coaching, training and development, empowerment...

Relationship Between Management And Leadership Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: 1.1: Explain the relationship between management and leadership. Management and leadership, these two terms are often used interchangeably; management is more usually viewed as getting things done thr...

Relationship between McGregors Theory X and Y
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between McGregor’s Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment through the mediating mechanism of leader-member...

Relationship between Organizational Learning and HRM
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Both organizational learning and human resource management (HRM) have been studied more recently because of their important role in improving organizational performance and as a source of competitive ...

Relationship between Processes and Functions in Organisation
Example essay. Last modified: 29th Jun 2017
Introduction: Managing Activities to Achieve Results focuses on the successful and resourceful planning and management of work activities. It offers employees with the knowledge and skills to design implement and t...

Relationship between Social Responsibility and Profitability
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Jul 2017
Introduction: There are numerous factors affecting the organizational profitability; one of the important factors is corporate social responsibility. This paper tries to examine the relationship between Corporate S...

Relationship Between Total Quality Management And Information Systems
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Aug 2021
Introduction: The title is “Exploring the Relationship between Total Quality Management and Information Systems Development” which is written by three authors. First, Lillian Y. Fok, conducted research in TQM, information system and human factor after receiving her PhD degree from the Georgia State University. ...

Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Employee Wellbeing Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Leadership has been defined by various authors in different ways. According to Barron and Greenberg (1990 cited in Rollinson, 2005) leadership is the name of the process where a person influences a gr...

Relevance of Fayol's Management Principles to Post-Capitalist Ideas of Management
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: “Critically analyse Fayol’s principles of Management and their relevance to post-capitalist ideas of Management.” Henri Fayol was a pioneer in developing the theories of management...

Relevance of older management theories in modern workplace
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: “Fayol’s management functions, Mintzberg’s roles and Katz’s skills are still important for the modern day manager.” Discuss There is continued debate as to the relevance ...

Relevant leadership theories in relation to Steve Jobs
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The topic of leadership has continued to be a subject of interest in the modern world both from practitioners as well as academics and the extensive research for decades has not exhausted...

Relevant Leadership Theories In Relations To Ryanair Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Today’s brands are inextricably linked to the leader’s image. (Lazarus, 2003 cited in Power, Whelan, & Davies, p.3). This has a direct influence on the reputation of the organization....

Reliance Group | International Business Environment
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: The Reliance Group, founded by Late Dhirubhai H. Ambani, and is one of the largest private sector companies in India, with businesses in the energy and materials value chain. Reliance Group’s an...

Reliance Industries Limited: Effect of Globalisation
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Aug 2018
Introduction: The Reliance Group, founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani, and is one of the largest private sector companies in India, with businesses in the energy and materials value chain. Reliance Group’s annual ...

Report and Reflection on Leadership
Example essay. Last modified: 21st Sep 2021
Introduction: This report will discuss the importance of leadership in an organization. To achieve an objective, an organization will rely on individuals it employed. These individuals will then have to collaborate with each other in order to perform a task. However, there is a need for those involved to be directed and motivated to perform this task. ...

Report examines First Direct a division of HSBC Plc
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: 1. Introduction This report examines First Direct a division of HSBC Plc. It begins with an assessment of the management style prevalent within the organisation and follows with an analysis of the org...

Report On Personal And Professional Development Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The professional development is designed to develop the practice of the organisational development through building the environment which reflects the professional development plan. Moreover, professi...

Report on the Poundland organisation
Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2017
Introduction: Poundland is a British-based variety store chain which sells every item in its stores for £1. Established in April 1990 by Dave Dodd and Stephen Smith, Poundland stock a variety of around 3,000 home ...

Report On Travel Lodge New Operation Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Based on the agreement reached in the last Board of directors meeting for Travelodge to look at the opportunities in opening an operation as a strategic business unit within the air line industry, thi...

Report On Women In Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Over the past several decades women have excelled in the workplace with regards to both the positions they hold and salary levels. For many however, there is still the idea of a ‘glass ceiling&#...

Report On Workplace Stress Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Workplace stress can be defined as the mental trauma and distress that an employee has to go through when there is a disparity between the requirements at work and the capabilities, efficiency or the ...

Reputation Risk And Reputation Risk Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: There have been hundreds of aircraft crashes over the last ten years. The tragic catastrophes had negative impacts on the reputation of many airline companies. Whether the reputation is harmed or enha...

Requirements Of Managers In Contemporary Business Practices Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Topic: Imagine there is a proposed merger between a Chinese company and a South-African company. You are appointed to lead a team consisting of managers from both countries to examine any cultural pro...

Research approach and strategy analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In this chapter researcher has presented the problem of the research and empirical analysis has been done primarily with the in depth interviews and also used secondary literature for back up. This ch...

Research In Motion: Case Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2017
Introduction: Research In Motion (RIM) was founded by Mike Lazaridis, a graduate student from the University of Waterloo, in 1984. It designs, manufactures, and markets wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile c...

Research into management techniques
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Mar 2017
Introduction: Introduction Due to the different environments in which companies operate including the impacts and interactions between both macro and industrial emerging forces the meaning of management is arguabl...

Research Methodology For Tesco
Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2017
Introduction: Kothari, C puts it, the research methodology refers to the methods which are used to study the research problem. Through the methods applied we investigate into the research objectives. To conduct the...

Research Methodology In Management Decisions Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Abstract Inline with planning and development, the quality and content of the supporting research is of great importance. It is therefore very necessary to design and adhere to an appropriate research...

Research Methodology on Employee Satisfaction
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Aug 2018
Introduction: ‘Employee satisfaction’ is a concept gauging how content the workforce is with their work and the workplace’s environment. Hence ‘Employee Dissatisfaction’ occurs when th...

Research methods in business and management
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The most common classification splits the methods used in organisational and business research into two large groups, namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative me...

Research Philosophy Is A Belief Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 22nd Aug 2024
Introduction: The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the research philosophy, approach, strategy that is relevant to this business research. ...

Research Proposal for Patient Satisfaction Survey
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jan 2018
Introduction: Introduction Background of the study I am working for Intermediate Care Services. My team has been collecting patient’s view of the services they received from our team, through the use of ‘pati...

Research Study into Total Reward and Employee Retention
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: For many decades, management has concerned itself towards understanding the act of getting work done and the people involved in these acts. From the 1890s when Frederick Taylor attempts at regaining d...

Research The Interpretivism Philosophy Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Firstly, it is the research philosophy. There are two main types of philosophy and they are positivism and interpretivism. In this research the interpretivism philosophy will be applied to adopt the n...

Resistance To Change A Critical Analysis Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Now a days organizations are required to make changes for their survive. It is very important to response quickly to the modern technological advancement and competition to internal and external level...

Resistance To Change Management
Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2017
Introduction: From individual level to highest organizational level change is seen everywhere for their reformation and development. To cope up with globalization and for survival of the organisation a lot of compa...

Resource Based Turnaround Strategy For Air India Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This part of the report deals with understanding the reasons for the near collapse of Air India and proposing a turnaround strategy for the airline. Since its inception by the Tata Group and the subse...

Resource Based View (RBV): Advantages and Disadvantages
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Aug 2018
Introduction: This report reviews the empirical studies of the resource based view (RBV) and examines the benefits and limitations of RBV as the “best” strategy route in the developing a firm’s st...

Responsibilities Of Staff In Food And Beverage Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Food and beverage is very important for hotel management. Food and beverage management is the mechanism in which include food selection, preparation, presentation and preservation. Food and beverage ...

Retention In Mcdonalds Restaurants Hr Department Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The aim of this report is to debate on the significant issue of recruitment and retention in detail that comes under Human Resources (HR) department in research organisation McDonalds UK and recommend...

Revenue management essay
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: A most important purpose of every profit oriented business is to convey a reasonable income. As a result, “earnings” are the significant measure of effectiveness of the business. In practi...

Review of Contemporary Management Ideas and Practices
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2020
Introduction: At the heart of any organisation lies its culture in which are found the philosophies on how to work together and individually, how to treat customers, and how to generate revenue or keep the business...

Review of literature on employee management
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Management is not only about managing resources and controlling expenses. Although these are basic functions of management, there’s more to management than just managing resources and controllin...

Review Of Own Leadership Behaviour Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this publication is true and correct at the time of publication. However, ILM products and services are subject to continuous dev...

Review of the History of Management
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: The history of management is a long-standing one, with human life comes the need to manage and control. Looking back through time, one can easily see from where the idea of management developed, ...

Review On The Office Environment Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The environment in the office determines how its employees react to situations. Each organization and its department has a different work environment; for instance, lighting, noise, privacy, and the a...

Reviewing Waiting Time and Customer Satisfaction in a Service Process
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Aug 2021
Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review that highlights major findings from empirical research examining the impact of waiting time on customer satisfaction within various service settings....

Reward and punishment in Transactional Leadership
Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2017
Introduction: Transactional leadership is the reward and punishment thought social organizations. It is also the fundamental motivators of human behavior . It focuses on more of the personal side of the organi...

Rewards System in HRM
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jul 2017
Introduction: Chapter 1 The basic idea of HRM is first appear from 1980s; and defined in very simple term as managing people in organization and now in modern society, technological changes and production of produ...

Risk and Crisis Management
Example essay. Last modified: 19th Sep 2017
Introduction: JAMES WALKER INTRODUCTION Risk and Crisis Management deal with threats to organizations. The organizations mitigate threats by applying management programs. Risk Management deals with threats prior ...

Risk In The Shipping Industry Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Shipping industry is in a way the first global industry that correlates nations and continents. According to the (U.S Department of Transportation 2004), “shipping is vital to the nation’s...

Risk Management and Work Breakdown Structure
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Jul 2018
Introduction: 1 Introduction This report is to examine the theory of project management and practice of project management techniques which consist of Work Breakdown Structure, Gantt Chart ,risk management and SWOT...

Risk Management Of Mega Events
Example essay. Last modified: 24th Apr 2017
Introduction: World expositions, Olympic Games and other Mega-Events are unique in that their construction schemes into the dominions of numerous other functions and disciplines, and they tend to affect large comme...

Risk Management Plan For A Bakery Business Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: After Graduation I want to pursue my career as a Bakery Business Entrepreneur. Food is one of the basic essentials of life therefore a proper industrial bakery channel is likely to yield high profits....

Risk management process
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF STUDY Construction professionals need to know how to balance the contingencies of risk with their specific contractual, financial, operational and organizational requirement...

Risk management with reference to Liebeck vs McDonalds lawsuit
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Risk management is a discipline that enables customers and organizations to cope with uncertainty by taking steps to protect its vital assets and resources (2001: 121). Risk management as so defined i...

Ritz Carlton: Total Quality Management
Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2017
Introduction: In Fall 1992, Ritz-Carlton Hotel Co. became the first hotel company to win the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Ritz-Carlton implemented total quality management (TMQ) as a means of winning ...

Rl Wolfe Implementing Self Directed Teams Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report discussed the concept of self-directed teams and analyses the application at a RF Wolfe plastics manufacturing facility in Corpus Christi, Texas. The rest of Section 1 gives an overview of...

Role and Effect of International Business Strategies
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2020
Introduction: The survival and progression of businesses in the 21st century is highly dependent on the ability of firms to expand beyond their national borders, taking into account the cost effectiveness of expans...

Role and importance of employee engagement
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Every business is looking for a key that unlock their success and satisfy their employees. Employers need employees who go the extra mile and do their best work and employees need jobs that fulfil the...

Role of education in rural development
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Abstract ‘The real India live in villages’, this saying is as true today as it was when the country got independence 64 years back. As more than half of the population of the country lives in ...

Role Of Electronic Commerce In Airline Industry
Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2017
Introduction: E-commerce is ubiquitous today–it’s impossible to sit in front of a computer without seeing advertisements and links to sites of all descriptions that would like to separate the user from ...

Role Of Human Resource Professionals
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Apr 2017
Introduction: Introduction The changing global visions and new millennium it is the time for human resource professionals to gear themselves and further plan, prioritize, and set new goals accordingly. Human resour...

Role of Job Satisfaction on Employee Behavior
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In today’s complex work environment maintaining satisfied employees that will continue to serve an organization is the ultimate goal of any human resource department of a company. Job satisfacti...

Role Of Project Manager In Communication Management Plan Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The role of a project manager in project communication management consists of Identifying stakeholders, Planning communications, Distributing Information and Managing Stakeholder expectations and Repo...

Role of Psychological Contract in Starbucks
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: The concept of the invisible contract can also be expressed as psychological contract which entails the unwritten employment relationship between the employer and the employee. It is an unspoken set o...

Role of Risk Management in an Organisation
Example essay. Last modified: 5th Oct 2017
Introduction: Task One – Individual Research Report The Task You are asked to research, critically examine and discuss the role of the ‘risk management’ function within an organisation. Examine and discuss ...

Role of the Modern Industrial Manager
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: From the Sumerian priests of 3000BC in the city of Ur (Iraq) to the industrial managers of the 21st century, management has undoubtedly been a key concept for successful operations and hence a subject...

Role Of Trade Union In Compensation Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Trade Unionism grew as one of the most powerful socio-economic political institutions of our time – to fill in the vacuum created by industrial revolution in industrial society. It came as a cou...

Roles Of Human Resource Management
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: In the past few years, roles for HR professionals were viewed in terms of transition from operational to strategic; qualitative to quantitative; policing to partnering; short-term to long-term; admini...

Rolls Royce Human Resources
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2017
Introduction: Rolls Royce A Brief History. Rolls Royce is a luxury car and aero engine manufacturer founded by Charles Stuart Rolls and Henry Royce back in 1904. Henry was the brains behind the car making business,...

Rolls Royce in Contemporary Business Environment
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: This assignment is aimed to critically evaluate a change management towards to the operations at Rolls Royce plc, ascertain a range of reasons for either success or failure to implement a operations m...

Rolls Royce: A Brief History
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: Rolls Royce is a luxury car and aero engine manufacturer founded by Charles Stuart Rolls and Henry Royce back in 1904. Henry was the brains behind the car making business, and Charles whose interests ...

Rolls Royces Strategic And Business Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Rolls-Royce is founded in 1906 by Frederick Henry Royce and Charles Stewart Rolls (Pugh, Peter, 2001).Headquartered in London. As a diversified company, Rolls-Royce operates in four global markets nam...

Royal Dutch Shell Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Aug 2018
Introduction: The Corporate plays a vital role in economic development of the country and these corporate involves in various activities for their sustainability in the business environment. In this globalization e...

Royal Dutch Shell PLC
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction: Perspective Objective Measure Target Initiative Financial Maximise shareholder wealth Dividend Payout Ratio Increase by 5% Through use of good capital budgeting i.e. only accep...

Royal Mail Group: Human Resource Structure
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Jul 2018
Introduction: The Royal Mail group belongs to the UK government. It is a public limited company which has seen lot of success in past years. The degree of success was clearly reflected in the account of its annual ...

Royal Mail Hrm Strategies An Overview Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Abstract: The rapid growth in the Digital Communication applications such as internet, fax, email, online shopping, and the Postal Service Act (2000), liberalization of market, drives Royal Mail to ch...

Royal Mail Management Study
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction:   Organization Studied: ­­­­­­­­ Royal Mail National Distribution Centre __________________________ INTRODUCTION ...

Running Head Microsoft Diversification Strategies
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: Abstract The purpose of this essay is to examine Microsofts diversification strategies based on thorough competitive analysis. With the use of strategic tools and the application of those tools in the...

Rural entrepreneurship development and to emerging strategy presents opportunities and challenges
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Abstract: During the past few years, those following rural development trends and strategies have probably heard a lot about the need to encourage entrepreneurial activity in rural communities. ...

RyanAir Analysis: Strategy Sustainability
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Aug 2021
Introduction: This paper is an analysis of the Ryanair case study (O’Higgins, 2007) and seeks to evaluate the sustainability of the strategy employed by Ryanair. It also seeks to identify areas for improvement and make recommendations given the available information....

Ryanair business strategies and implications for Human Resources
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report covers the implications the business strategies proposed by BBAMBI consultants will have on the Human Resource Management (HRM) function of Ryanair. The strategies proposed by BBAMBI were...

Ryanair Case Analysis Report Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report will provide a strategic analysis of Ryanair by looking at the company’s current strategic position, undertaking an internal and external environmental analysis, providing an in dept...

Ryanair Resources and Capabilities
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2017
Introduction: Ryanair is a 24 year old international air carrier providing scheduled airline services. It is Europe’s first and most profitable no frills airline. Founded by the Ryan Family based in Dublin, I...

Ryanair Strategic Capabilities
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jul 2017
Introduction: Last November 22nd, the low-cost airline Ryanair was making news once more after the announcement of a 30 traffic reduction on its flights departing from Budapest. The motive given as a reason by the ...

Ryanair Strategic Planning
Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2017
Introduction: RyanAir is generally described as cheapest fare airline in the world and has introduced 950 plus low fare routes across 26 countries, connecting 150 destinations. RyanAir is the World’s favourit...

Ryanair The Customer Centric Low Cost Model Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The intent of this report is to analyse and identify organisational factors and approach of Ryanair that require change or modification to make Ryanair a highly customer centric organisation with a ...

Ryanair's Internal Environment
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd May 2017
Introduction: 1.Introduction The main purpose of the essay is to concentrate on the key essentials in Ryanair’s internal environment according to the case study ‘Ryanair low-fare model company’. B...

Ryanair's Strategic Management Practices
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: Introduction The aim of this assignment is to explore Ryanair’s strategic management practices through the theory of core competencies developed by Prahalad and Hamel (1990). Ryanair operates in...

Sainsburys human resources strategies analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Sep 2021
Introduction: This report focuses on Sainsbury’s human resources strategies regarding its recruitment and selection, Training and development, Diversity and Performance management....

Sainsburys recruitment and selection
Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2017
Introduction: Background to the Study: Research Topic: : “How Recruitment and Selection procedure effect Sainsbury’s to increase its performance and market share in the retail sector?” This resear...

Sainsburys Team And Leadership Behaviour
Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2017
Introduction: Introduction In this assignment I need to understand the team and leadership behaviour. The organisation I have chosen to look at is Sainsbury’s where I was a former employee. Sainsbury’s ...

Sainsburys: Strategies for Customer Retention
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: CHAPTER (1) Abstract My research paper basically seeks to understand the priorities of customer in Sainsbury of selection of products while shopping. And Sainsbury’s efforts to work on their new...

Sainsburys' Supply Chain Management
Example essay. Last modified: 11th May 2017
Introduction: Supply chain management on the other hand refers to the management of the activities, businesses or organizations involved in a supply chain to ensure that the consumer gets the optimal value. Due to ...

Salvation Army: Stakeholder Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This essay is basically about the stakeholders of the Salvation Army case study written by Alex Murdock. It involves a breakdown of the work of the Salvation Army and the different s...

Samsung Electronics Company | Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Jul 2018
Introduction: Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. Samsung’s Competitive Advantage 3. Samsung’s Management Analysis SWOT Analysis of Samsung 4. Samsung’s Corporate Strategy 4.1 The Eco – Fr...

Samsung Electronics' Management Style
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: During the period covered by the case study Samsung underwent significant change. How would you characterise the type of change that it underwent?...

Samsung Key Drivers For Future Growth Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The involvement of Samsung in electronic and mobile market needs them to survive within the industries for the next 20 years. In the other it means that Samsung have to set their key drivers that can ...

Sanofi-Aventis Business Strategy
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Jul 2018
Introduction: Question 1 Introduction According to analysts, the pharmaceutical industry is changing rapidly and undergoing a shift. Sanofi-Aventis are therefore changing its strategy to help transform itself from ...

School of Business and Computer Science (SBCS)
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Executive Summary This report looks at an internal and external analysis of the factors affecting the provision of Tertiary Level Institution (TLI) educational services in Trinidad and Tobago, along w...

Schools of Management Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2017
Introduction: Frederick Winslow Taylor, the father of scientific management, was born on March 20, 1865, into an upper class liberal Philadelphia family. He was a management consultant and director of a famous firm...

Scientific management and behavioural management
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Scientific management was a theory of amalgamated workflows with objective of labour productivity and efficiency. The core idea of scientific management was developed by F.W.Taylor. Scientific managem...

Scientific Management Approach by Frederick W. Taylor
Example essay. Last modified: 10th Jan 2018
Introduction: Scientific management approach was developed by Frederick W. Taylor in the late 19th century. This management approach can be defined as a scientific study done on the work methods aimed at improving ...

Scientific management evolution of Scientific school of thought
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Fredric Winslow Taylor was known as the ‘father of scientific management’. Born on 20th Match 1856 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania U.S.A., he was a controversial figure in the history of ma...

Scientific Management Theory
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Jul 2017
Introduction: Scientific Management is an “approach to management based on the application of work study techniques to the design and organisation of work in order to identify the one best way” (Fellenz...

Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Movement Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shape our view of management in the present business environment. These different theories have aide...

Scientific School Of Management Thought
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: Frederick Winslow Taylor known as the Father of Scientific Management was born in 1856. He was a mechanical engineer who devised a theory to bring in efficiency in the industrial areas. Being a manage...

Sears lack of employee involvement and empowerment
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Sears is a leading retailer providing merchandise and various services, which offers a wide variety of products with more than 2,300 stores in the U.S. and Canada (Sears home page). The company has a ...

Security Risk Assessment For A Mall Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Premises: Bay Street is found in St. George’s street Paceville and can be described as a Mega-Mall. Apart from a Hotel, Bay Street is a complex that offers various other services. It has over 25...

Selection Criteria For A Good Collaborative Partner Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In this age of globalization the companies are facing high level of competition from both national and international companies, therefore are taking collaborating with other companies to maintain and ...

Self Appraisal for Career Development
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: Introduction Professional development is essential to career progression. Since today’s working environment is becoming increasingly more complex, professionals face the challenge of managing th...

Self Confidence And Leadership
Example essay. Last modified: 9th May 2017
Introduction: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to test empirically whether a relationship exists between self confidence and leadership, with self efficacy as a mediator. This effect is studied with res...

Self empowerment and the empowerment of others
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017
Introduction: ‘Managing ME is the first step for the self developer – unless I take charge of myself how can I take charge of situations? Unless I can create order in myself, how can I contribute to cre...

Self evaluation and development plan
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The following report is related to the reflection of my recordings in logbook and self evaluation of my skills, attributes and competencies. This assignment gave me opportunity to use the expertise ap...

Self managed teams: Challenges
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2017
Introduction: This paper discusses the concept of the self managed teams, its advantages and its limitations. Today most of the organizations follow varied kind of hierarchy structure, but very few large organizati...

Self management and effective leadership style
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Self management refers to methods, strategies or skills by an individual who can direct their own actions towards achievement of certain objectives. This includes goal setting, planning, scheduling, s...

Semco Work Organization
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Apr 2017
Introduction: Semco Work Organization Introduction Semco SA (Semco), a Brazilian company which manufactures over two thousand different products including industrial pumps, cooling towers etc. and also provides env...

Sender and Receiver Communication
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: Communication is a procedure which includes sender and receiver to convey a message. Effective communications skills are the skills we assume every worker picks up along the way. The type of communica...

Servant Leadership Transformational And Transactional Theories Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Executive summary: Purpose of this study is to examine the similarities of Servant leadership, transformational and transactional theories and also examine the Contribution those theories make to...

Service Quality Literature Review
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2017
Introduction: 2.0 Introduction to Service Quality Over the past few decades the topic of service quality has been an important focus for practitioners, researchers and managers due to its clear associations with bu...

Services to club members and casual flyers
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction: The Long Ridge Gliding Club is gliding club that has been running by its members. It is an organization who is not running for the purpose of profit. The extensive grass airfield whi...

Seven Tasks a HR Manager Does
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Jul 2017
Introduction: Task1 Human Resource Management Functions The basic seven (7) managerial tasks that human resources (HR) department has to deal with are: Staffing. Performance Appraisals. Compensation and Benefits. ...

Shareholder Theory vs Stakeholder Theory
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: Introduction The 1930 Berle-Dodd debate dealt with shareholder primacy versus the stakeholder approach. Though this debate was not specifically extended to the concept of corporate governance at th...

Shareholder Vs Stakeholder Theory Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: His views reflect Adam Smith’s view that firms operate solely for the purpose of making a profit which contributes to the overall well being of society. Any business activity is justified as lo...

Shell Oil And Its Stakeholders In Nigeria
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Apr 2017
Introduction: The environment in which most organizations exist is increasingly dynamic and turbulent,. Under-developing countries are competing to open up their market to attract more foreign direct investment (FD...

Shortage Of Employees And Staff Retention Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Retention of nurses at healthcare organizations has been a problem for several years. With the aging population in the United States the nursing shortage will become more critical. The case at Grayso...

Should you implement an Employee of the month programme
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Aug 2021
Introduction: The report presented here is a proposal for our company to adopt “Employee of the month” program as an employee recognition tool. The report will first tell about the importance of employee recognition from point of view of literature and then will focus on description of employee of the month program and ways in which it can be adopted in the company....

Siemans: Micro Environment and BCG Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: SIEMENS COMPANY REVIEW & BACK GROUND TO THE STRATEGIC DECISION Siemens is a worldwide leading organization in electronics and electrical engineering industry which is operating in the sector of e...

Siemens AG Global Development Strategy
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jan 2018
Introduction: In order to understand Siemens’ International R&D current situation and thoroughly come up with alternatives and recommendations to solve possible issues that may arise, it is first crucial...

Siemens Change After Corruption Scandal
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: This change management report is intended to present the boundary condition of culture change efforts at Siemens after corruption scandal came to light on November 2006. Even prior to corruption scand...

Siemens Human Resource Policies Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: INTRODUCTION In this assignment we will be going to discourse about Siemens human resource policies such as recruiting, selection, appraisal, performance and reward. The main objective of this assignm...

Significance of HRM in the travel and tourism sector
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the significance of IHRM for the companies within the travel and tourism sector. The report will address this issue with reference to the case of the British ...

Significance of the event management analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: An event is an experience that is carefully crafted in consequence of a broad spectrum of goods and services provided by the people in a specific space at a particular time. (Silvers, 2004) This exper...

Silvio Napoli At Schindler India Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Schindler, a Swiss elevator company, had decided to develop and grow its international market share by planting a fully owned subsidiary in India. Its primary goals were to achieve 50 orders in its fi...

Sime Darby Company Overview
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2017
Introduction: An archetypal mission statement contains the organization’s core belief and values, either for people self-oriented or business related. An effective mission statement should include everything ...

Similarities and differences of a leader and a manager
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The terms “leadership and “management” are seen very differently by diverse people. Some individuals see these terms as synonyms and frequently use them interchangeably throughout ph...

Singapore's employment relationship over the last two decades
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Singapore’s Employment Relationship over the Last Two Decades Prior to the People’s Action Party (PAP) take over in governance; the world knew Singapore as an underdeveloped mosquito-...

Sir Alex Ferguson's Leadership Principles of Management
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Oct 2021
Introduction: This case study will look at the leadership style of Sir Alex Ferguson and analyze it. First, it will start by looking at different management style and see the ones that are close to the one of Alex Ferguson. Then using these leadership styles it will explore how they can be used to improve Alex Ferguson style....

Situational environment analysis of General Electric
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: 1.1 Current profile GE is the world’s largest diversified services company which is also high quality, high-tech industrial and consumer products provider. It is the unique company which on Dow ...

Situational Leadership Theory
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Apr 2017
Introduction: Situational leadership theory, in simple terms talks about different leadership styles and how a leader can choose an appropriate style with respect to team that he/she is leading and situation in whi...

Situations and styles of leadership | Free essay | Management essays
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction Leadership has been the topic of discussion and research in the Organizational Behavior literature. A great collection of different theoretical framework has been developed to make out el...

Six sigma and lean thinking analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: They are two different but popular and powerful tools for improving quality. Motorola provided the basis for Six Sigma which aims to reduce the variation in processes. On the other hand, Toyota Motor ...

Skills acquisition and development and training
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Skills acquisition and the need to remain relevant in a growing competitive global market in recent times are some of the vital reasons firms engage in Development and Training. By so doing, work forc...

SKILLS IN MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP- IMPACT ON HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: INTRODUCTION Hospitality industry is a multi crore billion industry consisting of a broad field which includes lodging, restaurants, event management and theme parks. Modern customers have evolved rad...

Small and Large Business Differences
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Jul 2017
Introduction: The assignment is in the form of a report which is aimed to support the proposal; “small business needs a different management style to large ones”. Report is broken down into different sections, ...

Small And Medium Enterprises And Their Characteristics Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In the modern world economy, business transactions can be conducted within the same city, the same country, or even between two countries. The term of internationalization has been adopted by many res...

Small And Medium Enterprises Smes Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Small and medium enterprises represent a higher percentage of all businesses in India. SMEs occupy a central part of the Indian economy. They are essentially the drivers of the Indian economy even tho...

Social and legal responsibilities of a business
Example essay. Last modified: 30th Jul 2021
Introduction: Companies should not only focus on their business activities; legal and social responsibilities should also be of interest. There are a number of legal and social responsibilities facing the board of directors of an organisation. Socially responsible organisations should go beyond merely complying with legislation....

Social Factors Affecting HRM
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Social Factors Influencing Human Resource Management and Planning The human resource management is heavily affected by the internal and external influences on an organisati...

Social Issues In South Africa Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In society, the population of the world is affected by social economic issues. This research analysis will focus mainly on South Africa, showing a list of the different issues found in South Africa, a...

Social Work Management
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: Working in Organisations The purpose of this assignment is to analyse the influence of management, funding etc within organisations and how this affects the way in which social work is delivered. This...

Sociocultural Issues in Project Management
Example essay. Last modified: 22nd May 2017
Introduction: The coursework for this module involved a range of presentations that covered various sociocultural issues of project management. We learnt about the factors that influence projects and how it is esse...

Sodor Oil Terminal Project Management Study Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The Sodor Oil Terminal project was undertaken by a team of students as a case study in project management. The purpose of the exercise was to organize and plan the project as part of a pr...

Soft Versus Hard HRM
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Apr 2017
Introduction: Established in 1964 under STO group, with its subsidiaries, JVs and associates, is a national leader in business. It has significant and focused interests in petroleum, cooking gas, construction mater...

Software Technology Parks of India | Management essays
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is a government agency in India, established in 1991 under the Head of Communications and Information Technology, that manages the Software Technology Park sc...