Management Essays

Global Strategic Management: Advantages and Disadvantages
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: Strategic management is the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures can be further explained that an organization’...

Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) Management
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Sep 2017
Introduction: The model applied to the recommendations for GSL is the GSCF framework. The Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) developed a definition of supply chain management (Cooper, M et al 1997). The GSCF defines...

Globalisation and HRM
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: This assignment discusses on the link between globalisation and HRM. It explains how HRM practices like recruitment and selection should be carried out in order to improve organisation performance and...

Goal Setting Theory in the Workplace
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: Goal setting theory has become one of the most popular theories in organizational physiology (Goal Setting Theory 2006). It has been around since the early 1800s for the purpose of achievement (Goal S...

Goals Of Internship Training Objectives Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Bridge ICD is relatively a small organization that practices and believes in working in a team. Hence, each staff has a designation and a job scope which they are in charge of as the company is not ru...

Good Manager To Be An Effective Leader Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: According to koontz and O’Donnel, Managing is an operational process initially best dissected by analysing the managerial function…The five essential managerial (are): planning, control, c...

Good Managers Are Born Not Made Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The key to a successful organization is said to lie within a good manager. It is in fact the effectiveness of this manager and the qualities that they possess that are vital to the development and pre...

Google's current strategy
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Google’s current strategy Google’s business model is mainly based on advertising. Any market that attracts advertising is a target for google. Google is in a situation in which it can resi...

Google's Human Resource Management
Example essay. Last modified: 19th Sep 2017
Introduction: James Bushor Many organizations want to be able to retain their employees because it benefits their organizations in the long run. Today, there are many organizations with high employee turnovers. H...

Google's Performance Management System
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: Contents (Jump to) 1. INTRODUCTION 2. FORMULATION OF HR STRATEGY 3. IMPLEMENTATION OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: 4. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT REFERENCES: 1. INTRODUCTION The practice of human ...

Great man and theory of leadership
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction:  The main idea behind Great Man theory is that leaders cannot be made, for they are born leaders (Great Man Theory, Assumptions, n.d.). The supporters of the great man theory concentrated mainly on ...

Green Marketing In India: Importance and Challenges
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Aug 2018
Introduction: This paper explains the concept, importance, challenges of green marketing. It also includes some green marketing cases and its future in India. Green marketing is a new concept which has developed pa...

Green supply chain management and logistics
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: It has been rising in alertness of the surrounds in the last little decades. Other persons are attentive of the world’s environmental attempt such as overall temperate, poisonous import meeting,...

Green sustainable supply chain
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Environmental changes across the world have generated a movement to identify the causes of global warming and develop solutions to end it before it is too late. In an effort to achive this, many ...

Grievance handling procedure and reliance communication
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Every employee has certain expectations which he thinks must be fulfilled by the organization he is working for. When the organization fails to do this, he develops a feeling of discontent or dissatis...

Grievance handling procedure in Reliance Infocomm Limited
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: To develop a “Grievance handling procedure” for Reliance Infocomm after studying in detail the types and causes of grievances those are specific to Reliance Communication Limited. Objectiv...

Group Decision Making And Team Work Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The assignment should be structured in an essay style, with an introduction, the main arguments and a conclusion. Check and follow the referencing guidelines in the Study Skills handbook. Higher marks...

Group Dynamics For Construction Project Teams
Example essay. Last modified: 24th Apr 2017
Introduction: The interactions and behaviors of people in team dynamics were investigated by variety of researches and numbers of professors recommended their own way to identify the importance of behavior in team....

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Often when different groups of people come together this can cause conflict due to competition and social dilemmas creating negative thoughts, feelings and attitudes towards particular people ass...

Group Theory Elements And Dynamics Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Importance of Groups and Team has become a major focus in the business world. Organizations have well realized that the evolution from individual to team management approach is a priority in current t...

Group think: An analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 24th Apr 2017
Introduction: Are Five Heads Better Than One? Case No.3—Organizational Behavior The major theme of this fictional case is groupthink[1] ( It describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter ...

Group Work Reflection Example
Example essay. Last modified: 22nd Jul 2021
Introduction: In today’s work culture and dynamic environment educational institutions and organizations require students and employees to work together in groups at certain tolerant and coordinative levels, thu...

Groups And Team Effectiveness
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: Organisational behaviour is a methodical learning of the behaviour and reactions of persons, groups and sub systems that actions to understand, explain, predict and change human behaviour that occurs ...

Groups And Teams Concept
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction:- Balbin and Tukman has given how to develop and create groups and teams in the organisation. In the organisation a group of people contributing their individual knowledge and skills ...

H and M The communication processes
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The choice of my company is H & M ( Hennes& Mautriz). It was set up in 1947 which is acknowledged for its rapid fashion clothing offerings for men, women, adolescent and children. It remains...

H&M Leadership Style - An Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2017
Introduction: Hennes and Mauritz (H and M) was established in Vasteras, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. H and M offers fashion and quality at the best price and offers fashion for women, men, teenagers and childr...

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant
Example essay. Last modified: 9th May 2017
Introduction: The author has selected this topic because of his interest in a future career in food and beverage industry. Part A has showed that he has good leadership and team building skills to become a leader i...

Haleeb Foods Company Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Jun 2017
Introduction: Haleeb foods limited, formerly known as Chaudhry dairies was formed in 1985. It is one of the fastest growing companies since its inception. The core product of the company has always been packaged mi...

Halo Effect, Narrative and Cultural Economy Approach to Management
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: The Halo Effect, Narrative and Cultural Economy Approach to Management and Financial Crisis, Financial Cycles and Managing Under Uncertainty in Contemporary Business Topic 3: The Halo E...

Hangzhou Wahaha Food Group Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In the global market today, culture has gradually seeped into our daily lives. People can no longer work within their own comfort zone, but the current business markets requires a need to step out of ...

Happy Mothers and Other New Ideas in Eighteenth Century
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Carol Duncan, “Happy Mothers and Other New Ideas in Eighteenth Century’ is an analysis historical paintings and their meaning/depiction in comparison with latter day lifestyles. The analys...

Hard and Soft System Methodology
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Sep 2017
Introduction: Introduction There are two systems thinking namely hard and soft which are used to solve the problems. Peter Checkland (1981) suggested that Hard system thinking which is identified in system engine...

Harley Davidson Case Study A Critical Analysis Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This analysis has its focus on a brief history of H-D, which includes the manufacturing issues and the problems it had, the various strategic changes made by H-D in the manufacturing process to achiev...

Harley Davidson: Supply Chain Management
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: Introduction: In the business market there are many different organizations, but those who have good quality, design, and manufacturing process with low cost and meet market requirement they wins like...

Health And Safety In Hospitality Industry
Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2017
Introduction: The hospitality industry is committed to a safe environment for staff and guests. Unfortunately, the possibility of violence is all too real in today’s world. As with other types of emergencies,...

Health And Safety In Spa Environment Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Evaluate the health and safety risks associated with the Spa/ Salon environment All staff have to take responsibility for health and safety and understand the implications if it is not followed. As an...

Henri Fayol Management Theory Explanation
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction: Subway was first introduced to New Zealand by a man named Mark Rutherglen in the year 1994. In the year 1995, he opened his first subway in Parnell. There are over 200 subway stores in New Zealand. He...

Hersey Blanchard Situational Leadership Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: “The term leadership is a word taken from the common vocabulary and incorporated into the technical vocabulary of a scientific discipline without being precisely redefined. As consequences, it c...

Hersey Blanchard: Situational Leadership Theory
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017
Introduction: Hersey and Blanchard characterized leadership style in terms of the amount of Task Behavior and Relationship Behavior that the leader provides to their followers. They categorized all leadership style...

Herzbergs Theory Of Motivation Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: After describing research background, problem statement, research question and objective, and significant of study in chapter 1, in this chapter provide the literature review of the past empirical stu...

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Of Job Satisfaction Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In this chapter, introduction will emphasise on the initial stage of the study. The first section will briefly explain the overview of the study whereas the background of the company can be found in t...

Hewlett Packard Marketing Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jul 2017
Introduction: The following analysis will be taken from Hewlett-Packard’s (HP) operations within the mobile technology industry. In this question that author will be using a PESTEL framework as well as Porter...

High Commitment Hrm Paradigm Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In the studies on the relations between HRM and performance, there comes the perspective of best practice/ high commitment HRM paradigm. In this prescription, it is argued that higher performance woul...

High Contact Service
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: Summary of the Reviewed Article High-contact service industries are those in which service employees and customers have close and direct interactions for a prolonged period of time (Chase, 1981). A hi...

High Involvement Work Practices Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: High Involvement Work Practices: With the increasing acknowledgement of employees being as an organisation’s asset there is a need to find ways to increase employee contribution to the organisat...

High Performance Work Teams Positive And Negative Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: OVERVIEW:- Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant change in how organizations structure themselves to do business. Whether they are corporations, governmental entities, educational insti...

High Performance Working
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Executive Summary         Change is always a challenge as well as an opportunity. Today’s Human resource managers face great challenge to accustom with the changing business and workplac...

High Turnover Rate Of Expatriate Managers Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The West Indies Yacht Club Resort (WIYCR), headquartered in Chicago, is located on the British Virgin Islands (BVI). BVI is part of the Virgin Islands archipelago with the population of approximately ...

Hilton and Holiday Inn Human Resource strategy and Operational planning
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The essay will explore the theoretical and practical sides of the relationship between the Human Resource strategy and the Operational planning and development in the retail and hospitali...

Historical Approaches And Leadership Theories Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Implicit leadership theory establishes that we all have pre conceived characteristics and expectations that distinguishes a leader from a non leader. It also suggest, that we all use our own criteria ...

Historical Background Of Performance Appraisal Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This chapter reviews literature based upon the research objectives and builds the foundation of a theoretical framework by answering the research questions. It begins with the historical background of...

Historical background of the company Milkpak
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017
Introduction: Milkpak was part of a family group of businesses, known as the Ali Group, which also operated businesses in textile industry, had major holdings in the vegetable and soap industries among others. One ...

History And Background Of Industrial Relations Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Today economic crisis is in a bad shape because of an American insolvent United States banking system. It has resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national...

History And Background Of Lean Kaizen
Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2017
Introduction: Chapter 1 Introduction World class manufacturing (WCM) is a collective term for most effective methodologies and techniques to realize these objectives. WCM also is the result of many centuries of pro...

History and development of JIT manufacturing
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Just-in-Ume (JIT) manufacturing is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing which involves having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and at the right...

History And Timeline Of Lenevo Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: With an initial capital outlay of only RMB200,000, (US$25,000) Lenovos founding chairman Liu Chuanzhi, together with 10 like-minded colleagues, launches the New Technology Developer Inc. (the predeces...

History of BSES Delhi
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: ORGANIZATION PROFILE: Following the privatization of Delhi’s power sector and unbundling of the Delhi Vidyut Board in July 2002, the business of power distribution was transferred to BSES Yamuna...

History of full time vs part time employment
Example essay. Last modified: 11th May 2017
Introduction: This chapter starts with the definition of both full time and part time employment which goes through findings of the historical background between part time and full time employees. The literature re...

History of International Human Resource Management
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: Up until the 1960s, even firms operating internationally maintained organizational structures with centralised technical and managerial resources, manufacturing ability, and the access to and control ...

History Of Sabah Electricity Sdn Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd. (SESB) is an 80% owned subsidiary of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and 20% by the State Government of Sabah. It is a vertically integrated utility providing reliable generat...

History Of Tata Steel
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The takeover by the Tata Steel of Corus was a landmark deal in the history of steel world. Corus before its formation into Tata Steel Europe, how it became one of the top steel producer in the wor...

HND in Business Management
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: HND in Business Management 1) MAIN PRINCIPLES THAT AFFECT THE LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR CONSUMERS:- The primary way to meet consumers growing information is to build ...

Hofstede and Trompenaar's Cultural Dimensions
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Aug 2018
Introduction: Hofstede stated 5 Cultural dimensions which can be used to investigate national preferences. To explain the variation of cultural dimensions in different countries, a chart illustrating all 5 Cultural...

Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory
Example essay. Last modified: 22nd Sep 2021
Introduction: In the past decade of increased globalization and diversity, business across borders has increased. Although cross border business faces a lot of challenges not only from the political and socio economic paradigm but also from culture....

Honda Value Chain Analysis - Rover Alliance
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2017
Introduction: 1.0 Introduction In the case study of Faulkner (1996) and Potter (1996), the strategic alliance between over and Honda was started in 1979. Before entering into collaboration with Honda, Rover, being ...

Honda’s Operational Activities
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: THE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE ROLE PLAYED BY EFFECTIVE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT WITHIN HONDA. DISCUSS HOW HONDA’S OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES HAVE CHANGED I...

Hong Kong's Economy Development
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jul 2023
Introduction: Hong Kong Economy 1. Introduction The development of a knowledge-based economy is a global trend. By 2003, Hong Kong was following this direction to transform into a knowledge-based economy. During th...

Hospital Management system
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: ABSTRACT 1.) INTRODUCTION My project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing their disease details into the system. It will also contain doctor’s information and wi...

Hosting An International Sporting Event Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The pursuit of hosting major sports events has become increasingly popular among governments, corporations, and civic ‘boosters’ worldwide. Economist argues that major economi...

Hotel industry in mauritius
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Chapter 1 Introduction The hotel industry in Mauritius is an important industry since it is closely linked to tourism and business travel. As such it is an important part in the economy of Mauritius...

Housekeeping Department In Hotel Industry Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Managing the housekeeping department in hotels is not an easy business. Its very complex department that needs to be handled with care. The main challenge is to maintain cleanliness to an infinitely...

How A Ups Manager Can Cut Turnover Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The reason why Jennifer Shroreger wanted to reduce turnover is because she noticed that workers were leaving at a high rate. Employee turnover can cost organizations millions of dollars. A company may...

How Does Culture Impact On International Business Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The study of (Pothukuchi, Damanpour, Choi, Chen, Park, 2002) examines the effect of dimensions of national and organizational culture differences on the performance of international joint...

How does culture influence international business
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: How does culture influence international business As a result of the globalization, the increasingly close interaction between firms which are from different cultures has been booming. Therefore, cult...

How Effective Korean Air Hr Strategy Is Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report discusses the details of suggested HR scorecard for Korean Air that shows how effective HR strategy is crucial for the successful achievement of its own strategic goals with appropriate me...

How employee wellbeing can become a core value
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Leadership is the ability to effectively use strategic competencies and influence to accomplish organizational goals. It is a partnership between mangers followers and external constituencies and one ...

How Globalization and International Business Are Related
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: Globalization with new value migration (more economically effective business design) has opens up more doors to opportunities. The literature review is broken into 5 parts: Firstly due to globalizatio...

How Howard Schultz inspires the employees as well as customers
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report is based on an analytical background on Starbucks and how Howard Schultz hopes to inspire the employees as well as customers. His primary vision and the goal as CEO of the biggest chain of...

How HRM contributes to organizational objectives
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resource Management is the effective use of people to achieve both the organization and individual goals. It is actually effective recruitment, selection, development, compensation, and utilizat...

How leaders enlist and enable others to act
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: “Leadership is a relationship between those who aspire to lead and those who choose to follow” (Kouzes et al., 2007). Leaders must master the dynamics of this relationship. They must learn...

How leadership styles differ in various organisations
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017
Introduction: The basic aim of this section is to examine the inter-relationship between strategic management and leadership. This study has chosen British Airways and Tesco Plc in order to illustrate the relations...

How managers can turn individuals into team players
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Q1. What options do manager have to turn individuals into Team Players? Discuss each. Normally, the managers motivates their group of Individuals, by conducting three most popular ways, including prop...

How Motivation Influences The Job Satisfaction Level Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: 1.0 Introduction This study is carried out the important of motivation to influence job satisfaction in an organization, to understand the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction in an or...

How Nissan's Revival Plan was Achieved 1 Year Ahead of Schedule
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2021
Introduction: In 1999 Nissan had been facing great losses for seven of the past eight years which were now resulting in debts. This was mainly caused by the Japanese business custom of keiretsu investments which left little capital for other investments, like innovations in product designs...

How Recruitment Procedure Effects Sainsburys Performance
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Apr 2017
Introduction: This research is based on finding out how the Recruitment and Selection procedure of the Sainsbury, a giant in retail sector of UK market, can help to increase its performance and market share in the ...

How to Build and Maintain Stakeholder Relationships
Example essay. Last modified: 19th Jul 2021
Introduction: This study reported upon in this paper is focused on support for project managers in building and maintaining relationships with project stakeholder. This is accomplished through using a practical methodology that allows the project team to identify and priorities the project’s stakeholder and then stakeholders’ needs of the project ...

How to Design and Report Likert Scale
Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2017
Introduction: When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. The scale is named after Rensis Likert, who......

How To Develop An Effective Relationship With Your Co-Worker
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: You can submarine your career and work relationships by the actions you take and the behaviors you exhibit at work. No matter your education, your experience, or your title, if you can’t play we...

How training and development Supports Tesco
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Training and development is one of the important part of business growth. Any organisation or a company always provided training on their employees for further achievement. Moreover it can also be men...

HR Activities: Nestle, Pakistan
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction: Abstract The research pursues an eminent theme of human resource management, “the costs and benefits of human resource activities in an organization”. Importance of the HR-activities in an...

HR and Line Managers Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Oct 2017
Introduction: It is pertinent to start this essay by attempting to define the role and relevance of HR Managers and line managers in an organization. human resource management is a management function that enabl...

Hr Challenges In The Hiring Process Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the spectrum of challenges encountered by the HR professionals while managing the hiring practices in a multicultural society in medium-to-large...

HR Challenges Of International Business
Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2017
Introduction: In this chapter we include the internationalization of business, inter country, differences affecting HR, improving international assignments through selection and training & maintaining internat...

HR in Pantaloon Retail Limited | Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2018
Introduction: This project starts with the history of Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited which is biggest player in the retail industry and got diversified into many sectors. After that discussed about the HR policie...

HR Management Challenges at Jaguar Land Rover
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2017
Introduction: 1. Introduction This report is being presented in response to a request by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) to analyse and assess some important HR implications of the curre...

HR Policies in Manufacturing Industry analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: IT industry in India comprises of software industry and information technology enabled services (ITES), which also includes business process outsourcing (BPO) industry. India is considered as a pionee...

HR professionals in organizational changes
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Compared with traditional HR professionals, current HR managers have been more and more involved in organizational activities beyond their own function. The aim of this essay is to discuss the role HR...

Hr Strategy Report The Case Of Ryanair Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The present report attempts to present the micro and macro environmental analysis of Ryanairs business and human resources strategies. Through the use of theoretical models e.g. PEST analysis, Porter&...

HR Training for New Employees in Lenovo Group
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: Human being is the core of the organization, which is considered as one of the most valuable resources. With the global competition becomes more and more severe, enterprises face the challenges of how...

Hrd Strategic Role Within An Organization Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: According to George and Jones (2005, p.3), organization is “a collection of people who work together and coordinate their action to achieve a wide variety range of goals.” These goals woul...

HRIS Information System
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resources Information System (“HRIS”) Proposal HRIS management is a fundamentally important element of any organisation. The cost of labour and the management of this labour is one of th...

HRM and achievement of organizational objectives
Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2017
Introduction: Human Resource Management functions have a variety of activities e.g. deciding staffing needs, recruiting and training the employees, ensuring they are high performers and also dealing with performanc...

HRM assignment on British Airways
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction: “Our concerted efforts to introduce permanent structural change across the airline has led to a reduction in non-fuel costs and a return to profitability. Revenue has increased, driven primarily...

HRM at Starbucks Coffee
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Aug 2021
Introduction: Starbucks name was found in the first publish of “Moby Dick” book.In 1971,Starbucks open its first outlet is in Washington (USA). In 2005, Jim Donald took the posts but was asked to resign after sales decreased in 2007, was replaced byHoward Schultz, the current President and CEO...

Hrm Contribute To Organization Effectiveness Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resource Management plays an important role in the enhancing the performance of performance of employees in the organization. The efficient HRM policies are being designed in an organization...

HRM Department of British Airways (BA)
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Aug 2018
Introduction: The following paper seeks to identify the human resource management department of the British Air ways. It shows the key HR activities of the British airways with reference to the two models of human ...

Hrm Functions Of Starbucks Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This assignment will give information about hrm functions of starbucks. Besides it will give some samples about these functions. Moreover this essay debates the human resource management rules and b...

HRM in an international context
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In a nutshell, international human resource management could be understood as a method of obtaining, assigning and effectively making use of human resources in macro firms. The overall work of Global ...

HRM Issues In British Airways
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: Human resource management is important for organizations that aspire for the best out of its workforce. Employees in any organization do not have the same qualities and therefore there should be a goo...

HRM Models And Southwest Airlines
Example essay. Last modified: 4th May 2017
Introduction: The report analyzes the concept of learning organization and its importance in the 21st century organizations. It also studies about HRM and its role and challenges in a learning organization. This re...

Hrm Practices In Hotel Industry In Australia Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: There has been widening recognition that human resource management strategies (HRM) impact organisational performance and overall effectiveness particularly in the service industry where strategic HR ...

Hrm Practices In Service Industry In Egypt Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The role of human resource management (HRM) in contemporary organisations has grasped the attention for the past previous years. The priority of most academics and practitioners has been extenuating H...

HRM Practices on Job Satisfaction
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This paper is a case study of Samsung Electronics as a Telecommunication Company and the impact Human Resource Management has on the performance of employees. The authors define HRM as the means of em...

HRM Project And Employee Attrition
Example essay. Last modified: 24th Apr 2017
Introduction: Employee attrition is one of the most researched areas in HR practices. This report endeavors to review the available literature and develop a clear understanding regarding the possible reasons behind...

HRM role in growth and development
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: Nowadays, Human resource management has become one of the major partners of an organization. The human resource management deals with managing people in an organization that means recruiting efficient...

Human and physical resources
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: “RATIONALE BEHIND THE STUDY” Industrial progress is an outcome of mainly of the human and physical resources of the production. Sufficient progress has been made in the sphere of physical ...

Human Behavior Is Unpredictable Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This research sought to find out the gaps that exist in the Karatina University Colleges performance management system and to come up with recommendations for adjustments that will put the institution...

Human Factors In Lean Implementation Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This paper reviews literature on Lean implementation in manufacturing organisation with special emphasis on role and importance of the human factors in its success or failure. A multitude of research ...

Human Nature And Managerial Behaviour
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2017
Introduction: A managerial style this is also to guide me along the way and take a picture to draw won my attention to difference bits of knowledge. If I have a good managerial style then I can take with me on my j...

Human Relations Approach And Scientific Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: INTRODUCTION This paper aims to draw comparison between two major management theories namely; Scientific Management introduced by Federick Taylor and the Neo classical views of Human Relations Approac...

Human Relations Theories to Encourage Employees in the Workplace
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Oct 2021
Introduction: This essay will look at how managers take advantage of human relations theories in the workplace and encourage their employees through making use of the work of theorists....

Human Resource Development and Training Strategies
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Jul 2018
Introduction: In the early 1980s, the field of personnel management shifted its function from handling staffing and related administrative activities to the development of people as a resource of the organization (...

Human Resource Development Within Hrm Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: In comparison with other related terms like HRM (human resource management), empowerment and learning organisations, HRD (human resource development) is a new concept which is yet to be fully accepted...

Human Resource Management - Effect of Culture
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2017
Introduction: The current paper will seek to explore the employee cultural values in the Pakistans multinational companies and the influence of culture on SHRM practices. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions of col...

Human Resource Management Activities
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Nov 2016
Introduction: Introduction: Human Resource Management is the process of managing people in an organization in systematic and organised manner. The main goal of human Resource management is maximize the productivit...

Human Resource Management And A Comparison Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: As per the Human Resource Management assignment is consist of two tasks. In task1 which talk about introduction of Strategic Human Resource Management, comparison between two S.H.R Models, importance ...

Human Resource Management and Employee Engagement
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: We know that today market scenario is more competitive and to survive in this competition we have to make our organization more competitive (competitive advantage). But here question is, How? We have ...

Human Resource Management and Multinational Companies
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resource Management (HRM) can be defined as “the function within an organisation that focuses on recruitment of, management of and, providing direction for people who work in the organizat...

Human Resource Management And Organisational Performance
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Sep 2021
Introduction: The rationale behind this discussion paper is to determine the relationship between Human Resource Management and Organisational Performance....

Human Resource Management As A Discipline Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: INTRODUCTION This report is based on an organisational scenario which contains various components. As a Human Resource Management Generalist Consultant I have provided some observations and suggestion...

Human Resource Management Assignment Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Shell Oil Company are a global group of energy and petrochemicals companies, They are the subsidiary of Royal Dutch shell that is based in united state of America; they are multinational oil and ...

Human Resource Management at British Airways:
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: British Airways, one of the successful airline industries in the world, has been an attraction to the thousands of passengers since 1974 when it was established. The Company has experienced a lot of d...

Human Resource Management at China Telecom
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction to High-Performance Work System High performance work system is to achieve organization’s goals by fully using organization’s resources. It supports the right com...

Human Resource Management At Mars Confectionery
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Apr 2017
Introduction: This assignment will investigate how human resource management (HRM) contributes to the achievement of organisational goals and objectives, particularly looking at HRM activities such as staffing, per...

Human Resource Management at Nando’s
Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2017
Introduction: 1- Introduction: History: Many factors affect the organization and its growth. Every organization needs to focus on developing strategies and explore opportunities to grow according to the demand of t...

Human Resource Management Case Study
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: Abstract Strategic Human resource management is a long term proactive planning by the Human Resource department on how organizational goals and missions will be achieved by the means of its labor for...

Human Resource Management In China
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction: According to the figures established by the World Bank in 1996 there has been unmatchable rate of economic growth in East Asian countries including china, Indonesia and Vietnam. The annual growth rate...

Human Resource Management In Industrial Relations Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction The management of industrial relations in Great Britain has changed notably in the last three decades. Industrial relations management has been significantly affected by several factors: ...

Human resource Management in International Expansion
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Aug 2018
Introduction: In today’s global environment when expanding a business in to another country IHRM would play a handle new key role. There can be identified very clear 6 differences between domestic and interna...

Human Resource Management In Mcdonalds Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The success of any business is dependent on the quality of its production linked with the excellence of services being provided to the worthy customers. In turn neither the quality of production, nor ...

Human Resource Management In The Public Sector Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resource Management has developed as a scope of analysis; therefore, it is addressed that public sector employment relationship has been comparatively restricted. This research expresses the con...

Human Resource Management Of British Airways
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Management of people in organization is a key element in success of the organization’s business since human resource is the most important resource to business than any other resource at the org...

Human resource management strategies for Walmart
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Executive Summary Human resource management is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and...

Human Resource Management Strategies: Tesco Case Study
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Jul 2018
Introduction: As Tesco has grown, so has the importance of Every Little Helps. Over time, they’ve gone from simply selling groceries to providing anything from loans to mobile phones. By setting out in all th...

Human Resource Management Strategy Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: 2.0 INTRODUCTION From a Strategic Human Resource Management perspective, an organisation’s human resource management strategy must be integrated with the business strategy to ensure that the hum...

Human Resource Management Utilization In The Organization Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resources Management function is a group of activities, the main function is to deciding what staffing needs and manager have to decide whether to use contractors or hire employees to fill thes...

Human Resource Management: Leadership Styles
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Jul 2018
Introduction: In the global economy there is a competition especially in the retails sector. The customer satisfaction is a major driver for the organizational performance. The important determinant for customer sa...

Human Resource Management: Marks and Spencer
Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017
Introduction: The success of any organisation inevitably depends very largely on the staff it employs. It is necessary to ensure an adequate supply of staff members that are technically and socially competent, and ...

Human resource management: Tesco
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Apr 2017
Introduction: The aim of the assignment is to evaluate strategic human resource management of Tesco Plc with reference to theory and practical approach, to study their Human Resource Management functions and evalua...

Human Resource Planning in a Healthcare Organisation
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Aug 2018
Introduction: Analyse the business factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization Human resource planning refers to the series of steps or actions in analysing and identifying the need f...

Human resource policies
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human Resource (HR) policies can be defined as continuing guidelines on the approach the organization intends to adopt in managing its people (Armstrong, 2007)....

Human Resource Policies And Practices At Tescos Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This report reviews and discusses the Human Resource policies and practices at Tescos. The organisation has introduced a high commitment model which offers training and development to all employees. T...

Human Resource practices in Grameen Phone Company
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: 3.1 HR at Grameen Phone-HR management is about managing people in organizations as effectively as possible for the good of the employees, the company, and society. In GP managing human resources is be...

Human Resource Strategy Formulation And Evaluation Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The relevance of the Human Resource Management (HRM) has been exceptionally important and pivotal in maintaining a smooth working atmosphere of an institution. In large organisation with thousands of ...

Human Resource Strategy Of The NHS
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017
Introduction: Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust is located at the Tameside General Hospital in Ashton-Under-Lyne. The organisation was formally authorised as a Foundation Trust on 1 February 2008. The Trust w...

Human resources and Induction and Orientation
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human resource management is the focal point of modern day organizations as they gear towards enhancing their competencies in a highly competitive environment. As such, organizations have had to conte...

Human Resources and training at Panasonic
Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017
Introduction: Konosuke Matsushita, founder of Japanese company Panasonic once said “Make People before Making Products”. If company has decided to train and develop people than it means that this compan...

Human resources and training development of Engro Food
Example essay. Last modified: 9th May 2017
Introduction: Engro Foods (Pvt.) Limited (EFL) has been established in 2005 as part of a diversification process at the Engro Group. The plant located at Sukkur on 23 acre land, has the raw milk reception capabilit...

Human Resources functions and Porters strategies
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The report will develop key points using the Porter competitive model as a guide. It will describe low cost strategy and differentiation strategy and its impact in key HR function such as HR planning,...

Human Resources Management (HRM) in Aviva
Example essay. Last modified: 10th Jan 2018
Introduction: Introduction Today, organizations are recognizing the importance of using best practices to enhance the skills and knowledge of the workforce to have a competitive edge over other organizations compet...

Human resources management applied to British Gas
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Introduction British gas is one of major energy provider in UK. It is a major part of Centrica group. This organization provides energy and different services for the consumers throughout Britain. Bri...

Human Resources Management at British Gas
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: British Gas is a leading energy supplier in Britain. It is an important part of the Centrica group, which provides various services to the energy to the customers throughout the country. British gas s...

Human Resources Management at Walmart
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Jan 2018
Introduction: 1 Introduction Human resource management is process of management of people working in any company or organization. There is another term used instead of human resource management is personnel managem...

Human Resources Management Is Hr A Profession Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: “Is HR a profession” is one of the questions that students had to choose amongst and answer in an assignment as part of HRM course. Through this paper, it will be discovered that there ar...

Human resources management: Lloyds TSB Group
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd May 2017
Introduction: INTRODUCTION A company’s growth can normally happen in one of the two ways. Organic or inorganic growth. Merger and acquisition mainly results from inorganic growth. In the early 1990s, there wa...

Human Resources Planning at Tata Consultancy Services Limited
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: About the Company: Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS). Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS): is a software services consulting company, one of the largest provider of information technology an...

Human resources practices influence customer satisfaction
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The focus of this research is on examining the process through which human resource practices influences customer satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan. Drawing on literature from strategic human...

Human Resources Reputation and Effectiveness | Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jan 2018
Introduction: “Human Resources Reputation and Effectiveness.” SUMMARY OF THIS ARTICLE This issue of Human Resource Management Review considers the past, present, and future of HRM theory and research, exploring...

Human Rights in the Workplace
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Apr 2019
Introduction: The legal environment is critical to Canadian labour relations. Employment standards legislation mandates the minimum terms of employment such as minimum vacations, holidays and wages. These provide...

Identify key HR strategies of Philips
Example essay. Last modified: 11th May 2017
Introduction: Introduction: Kuninklijke Philips Electronics, most commonly known as Philips, a Dutch electronics company. Philips is one of the largest electronics companies in the world employing 123,000 people in...

Identify The Needs And Expectation Of Individual Stakeholder Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Organizations change constantly, a projects stakeholder set will change as stakeholder change roles within the organization, move into different roles or leave the organization to take up roles in oth...

Identify Various Approaches To Workload Planning Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Workload planning and work allocation is described within London University of Art Estate as a way to ensure an equitable and transparent approach to allocate work activities across estate staff’...

Identifying And Analysing Resources And Capabilities Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Strategy has always been concerned with matching a firm’s resources and competences to the external environment in order to achieve strategic capabilities. At first, many business and management...

Ikea; influences affecting Ikea
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Task 1 Chosen organisation: Ikea Describe and analyse the primary internal and external influences to which Ikea is subject. Task 2 Chosen theme: Demographic factors i. Analyse how demographic factors...

IMC Plan For Milk Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This project is about the IMC used by the Milk company. It includes the all the promotional tools used by the company for marketing communication. In this we are using different sales and promotion t...

Impact of Absenteeism on Productivity
Example essay. Last modified: 10th Jan 2018
Introduction: Employees of different establishments are entitled to a given number of leaves like sick and local leaves among others according to the law. Therefore, all organisations can expect a certain degree of...

Impact of Ash Cloud on British Airways
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jan 2018
Introduction: INTRODUCTION Purpose: The purpose of this project was to analyse a current issue that has affected the current hospitality industry drastically. In the recent scenario, natural disaster has been seen ...

Impact Of Autocratic Leadership Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Shop Right is a successful home improvement store based in Portsmouth, UK. SR has been in operation for forty years, and has shown the ability to adapt to changing conditions. Within the past ten (10)...

Impact Of Autocratic Leadership Style On Turnover Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Human resource is considered a valuable asset for any organization. Good professionals serve as the back bone for constant progress and growth of organizations. Establishment and development of any in...

Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Behaviour
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Sep 2017
Introduction: Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW    2.1 Introduction As stated earlier, this chapter will provide an overview of the consumer behaviour and specifically, it will focus on the celebrity endorsement appro...

Impact Of Compensation System On Employee Performance Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Employees are the assets of any organization. This research study deals with identifying the impact of compensation system on employee performance. Organizational productivity depends on the employee&...

Impact Of Conflict And Its Consequences On Performance Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The rationale of the research was to find out that various types of conflict whether emotional or task related, had any impact on performance of the employee or not. According to the assumption of the...

Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: SUMMARY In the world, the giant corporations paid a lot of money to become an ideal business model and to be more responsible to society. For example: Best Buy electric company applied recycling...

Impact of Critical Success Factors of a Project
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The objective of the present study is to measure the impact of project success factors on actual project success in the telecom firms, based in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A construct adopted from the study...

Impact of Cross Culture on Organizations
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jul 2017
Introduction: Jump to: Part 2: Culture in Communication: Literature Review Part 3: Research Overview Part 4: Data Analysis: Communication Styles Distance Factors in Communication Leadership Styles in Organization...

Impact of CSR on UK companies financial performance
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: According to McWilliams and Seigel (2001), CSR is the conditions where the firm goes away from compliance and involved in action that contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. Companie...

Impact of cultural diversity: Cadbury and Kraft.
Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2017
Introduction: Cultural diversity has great influence in the business organization when it is being seen globally. When business is no more limited to its normal geographical boundary it becomes necessary to involve...

Impact Of Culture And Employee Voice In Organizations Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Culture is the shared assumptions, values, and beliefs of a group of people which result in characteristic behaviors (Hobfoll, 2001). People communicate with each other from different cultural backgro...

Impact Of Culture On Human Resource Management Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The global anarchy has witnessed the growing importance of Human Resource Management in both business and public life. The stormy business climate brought in the wake of liberalization, globalization,...

Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Performance Of Teams Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance of teams. Under Emotional Intelligence (EI), four dimensions were studied; Self-Emotional Appraisal (SEA), Other Emo...

Impact Of Employee Retention In Pharmaceutical Company Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: It’s a well known reality that employees are the driving force of any organisation. In any enterprise, employee is a person who works in the service of another person under an express or implied...

Impact Of Flexible Work Arrangement Management Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The anxiety employees face at work have increased significantly over the past years Duxbury and Higgins; 2005. This increasing anxiety is disturbing and depressing as increased work demands leads to h...

Impact Of Fringe Benefits On Job Satisfaction
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2017
Introduction: This study was conducted to measure the impact of fringe benefits on job satisfaction. Questionnaire of this study containing nine factors of fringe benefits and sixteen items for measuring job satisf...

Impact of Globalization on Ford Motor Company
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jul 2018
Introduction: The motor vehicle industry offers a unique perspective on globalization because of its massive employment, huge corporations and iconic product, it seem to reflect the countries identity. GM and FORD ...

Impact of Globalization on the Employment Market
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jan 2018
Introduction: 1. Explore briefly the major contemporary debates about globalization and the impact of globalization on employment markets and practices. There are several recurring issues related to the contemporar...

Impact of hrm on employee motivation in superdrug
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: Superdrug which is well known for beauty and health retailing is Brittan’s most trendy conscious and innovation oriented from time to time. They were founded in 1964 and joined the AS Watsons fa...

Impact of HRM on Productivity
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Jul 2017
Introduction: The impact of HRM practices and policies on employee productivity is a significant subject in the arena of human resource management, industrial relations and organizational psychology. The bulk of it...

Impact of hrm recruitment and selection practices
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: The Human Resource Management (HRM) practice selected for evaluation is recruitment and selection. The organisation is a medium-sized company based in the United Kingdom with offices in London, Aberde...

Impact of ICT on Country Development
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Jan 2018
Introduction: Executive Summary In this presentation we give advice to the Government of Malambia, a least developed country with a GDP per capita of US$480 and whose population of 39 million people majority of who...

Impact Of Information Technology On Work Organisations
Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2017
Introduction: The impact of information technology will have significant effects on the structure, management and function of most organisations. It demands new patterns of work organisation and effects individual ...