Military Essays

'Responsibility to Protect' in Military Intervention and Non-Intervention
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Nov 2020
Introduction: In this essay, I will discuss how responsibility to protect is an important and necessary practice in international society nowadays and how responsibility to protect is debatable in its essence....

1st Lieutenant Clint Lorance: A U.S. Army Officer’s Controversial Order
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Dec 2020
Introduction: On 2 JUL 2012, US Army 1LT Clint Lorance ordered his soldiers in 4th Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment to fire on three unarmed Afghan men on a motorcycle near their patrol in Strong Point Payenzai, Afghanistan....

Analysis of the Battle of Bhutan
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Introduction  Over the course of World War 2 there are many points in which soldiers have made imperative decisions for advancement through tactical knowledge. By usage of critical ...

Analysis of The Sykes-Picot Agreement
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Sep 2017
Introduction: Christopher “Mike” White The current actions of the Islamic State (ISIS) in Syria and Iraq are a result of religious and political conditions which exist due to irresponsible foreign dip...

Battle Analysis of the Falkland Islands
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction:     FALKLAND ISLANDS BATTLE ANALYSIS The battle of the Falkland Island was an undeclared war in 1982 from 2 April to 14 June between the United Kingdom and Ar...

Biological Weapons: Developments, Threats, and Biodefense
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction:  Biological weapons are tools made to hurt a large number of people via bacteria, toxins, and viruses (Riedel). The use of biological weapons has been going on for millennia, starting with t...

Can War Be Abolished? Theories and Causes of War
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: CAN WAR BE ABOLISHED Introduction  According to the Clausewitz War is a mere continuation of the policy. So the question arises can the policy be abolished? Or is war inevitable? and we may find no ...

Canada's Involvement in the Gulf War
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: During the span of the Gulf War Canada managed and handled the war quite poorly compared to their previous war experiences. Both the misuse and over use of their resources being a complete waste....

Challenges for Female Services in the Male Dominated Military
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Nov 2020
Introduction: The United States military comprises of both genders and various racial and ethnic groups, but it still mainly consists of White males. In today’s military, racial minorities make up about 30% of the 2.1 million Depart of Defense...

Clinical Intervention Paper: Military Sexual Trauma
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Clinical Intervention Paper: Military Sexual Trauma Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss and apply prolonged exposure therapy to the case of Harriet.  Prolonge...

Command Principles of Operation Anaconda
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Abstract Operation Anaconda, the first operation in Afghanistan that combined a multitude of American and Coalition units to attack an enemy stronghold, demonstrated a host of principles...

Concept Of Kesban Be Still
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: TO WHICH EXTENT WOULD THE CONCEPT OF KESBAN BE STILL RELEVANTIN THE YEAR 2020? DISCUSS INTRODUCTION The acronym KESBAN is the combination of two Malay words which is stand for ‘Keselamatan da...

Conscription Crisis Comparison and Its Effects on Canada in 1917 and 1944
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction:             Table of Contents Introduction   4 Comparison between the Conscr...

Critique of Strategic Air Power in the Vietnam War
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: The Vietnam War proved extremely costly for the United States of America. Despite being the world’s most technologically advanced Superpower, America was held to a long stalemate by what was es...

Cyber Warfare: the Future of War
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Karl von Clausewitz defined war as “…an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will In order to attain this object fully, the enemy must be d...

Did Fighter Command Come Close to Defeat in the Battle of Britain?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Fighter Command came close to defeat during the Battle of Britain. How accurate is this statement? The Battle of Britain is widely regarding as the first military campaign fough...

Did FIghter Command Nearly Get Defeated in the Battle of Britain?
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Fighter Command came close to defeat during the Battle of Britain. How accurate is this statement?   Off Cdt Nixon 263, D Squadron, D Flt The year of 1940-41 prove...

Do the Teachings of Clausewitz or Sun Tzu Produce the Better Military Leader?
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Do the teachings of Clausewitz or Sun Tzu produce the better military leader?   10086882 The teachings of Clausewitz and Sun Tzu provide the military leader with d...

Drones on the Modern Battlefield and the Rules of Engagement
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Does the deployment of Drones on the modern battlefield meet the requirements for the rules of engagement and is the deployment of these drone’s moral? This essay will evaluate wh...

Educational Benefits of the United States Navy
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Dec 2020
Introduction: This paper will discuss military education benefits such as officer programs, tuition assistance, the G.I. Bill, and numerous other education opportunities available for service members and their families....

Effect of Military Deployment on the Family
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Sep 2017
Introduction: Jennifer Anderson The Struggles of Military Deployment and the Effects It Has on their Family As a society member, people have rights, freedoms, and responsibilities. The military protects the right...

Ethical Issues of the Use of Drones
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Executive Summary Introductions The advancement of technology is occurring rapidly. Technology have enabled drone to be easily accessible for the publics. Drone have brought...

Ethical Perspectives on Drones in Warfare
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: INTRODUCTION This report is written to explore the different ethical perspectives concerning the controversial topic of using drones for warfare, as well as including the writer’s...

Ethics of Drone Strikes
Example essay. Last modified: 20th May 2019
Introduction: Above the law: Murder without consequence As stated in the 10 commandments, "Thou shalt not kill." A clear statement, yet if necessary we kill without thought, but mostly for self-defense; but if,...

Evaluation of Jus in Bello by Helen Frowe
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY: In the reading Jus in Bello by Helen Frowe, Frowe examines the guidelines for just war, jus in bello. Frowe’s interpretation of jus in bello and it’s guidelines...

Giulio Douhet and Hugh Trenchard's Visions of Military Airpower
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction:   Former Italian Army General Giulio Douhet and the First Marshal of the Royal Air Force Hugh Trenchard are regarded as two early advocates and visionaries of air power. Since the e...

Has a New Form of Terrorism Emerged since 9/11?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Critically assess the following statement: a new form of terrorism has emerged post 9/11. Introduction Although the term “new terrorism” had been used in the 1990s, it did n...

History of Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policies in the US Military Forces
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: The United States military has never been afraid to voice its opinion when it has come to talks about disallowing LGBT personnel to openly serve in the military. The history of military relations...

How close did Fighter Command come to Defeat in the Battle of Britain
Example essay. Last modified: 28th Jul 2021
Introduction: This essay will analyse how close Fighter Command came to defeat during the Battle of Britain. In order to answer this question, this essay will examine the following key points. Firstly, the effect the Integrated Air Defence System (IADS) had on the battle will be explored. Secondly, failures in German intelligence will be evaluated, focusing on the accuracy of the intelligence obtained and its subsequent utilisation by the Luftwaffe....

How Effective are Military Responses to Terror Threats?
Example essay. Last modified: 28th Mar 2019
Introduction: The effectiveness of any form and role of military intervention to the threats posed by transnational terrorism is contingent upon the degree of adaptability to the dynamic and interdisciplinary natu...

How Effective Is a Military Response to the Threats Posed by Terrorism?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: After the catastrophic events that took place on September 11, 2001, the United States of (US) Government used conventional military force against the threats posed by the Al-Qaeda organisation. ...

How Effective Is the Use of Strike-capable Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems in Counter-insurgency Operations?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: How effective is the use of strike-capable Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems in counter-insurgency operations? The use of strike-capable Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) in count...

How Effective Was the American Use of Strategic Airpower During the Vietnam War?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: How effective was the American use of strategic airpower during the Vietnam War?   Since strategic bombers appeared as a class of air power, they have established a reputat...

How Effectively Did Argentina Employ Its Air Power During the Falklands Conflict of 1982?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: How effectively did Argentina employ its air power during the Falklands conflict of 1982?  On 2 April 1982, Argentinian forces invaded the British overseas territory of the Falkland...

How Effectively Did Argentina Employ Its Air Power in the Falklands Conflict of 1982?
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Nov 2020
Introduction: This essay aims to identify two primary aspects of Argentinian air power employment that effectively let down the Argentinian cause and demonstrate that air power was not employed as effectively as it could have been....

How much should be spend on the military?
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Mar 2017
Introduction: Topic: “ Evaluate the idea that governments should spend less money on war and their military, and more on other areas such as health care and education” In recent years, developing a comprehensi...

Impact of Air Power Theory in WW2
Example essay. Last modified: 19th Sep 2017
Introduction: Did “air power theory” do more harm than good before the outbreak of “and during” the Second World War? This essay will examine the meaning and impact of “air power theory”, a theory whic...

Impact of Information Technology on the Military
Example essay. Last modified: 26th Jul 2018
Introduction: LT MUHAMMAD AMIRUL ZIKRI BIN TUMPANG IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ROYAL ARMOUR CORPS IT, stands for “Information Technology,” and is pronounced “I.T.” It refers t...

Impact of Private Military Companies on Security
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: What impact do Private Military Companies have on International Security? 1. Introduction 1.1. Scenes from Fallujah Towards the end of March 2004, the world bore witness to by now familiar scenes of b...

Impact of the Bomarc Missile Program
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Mutually Assured Distraction: Things That Go Boom On June 7, 1960, a Bomarc missile had caught on fire in its hanger in Fort Dix, New Jersey. The Bomarc missiles were nuclear-armed groun...

Impacts of the USS INDIANAPOLIS (CA 35) Sinking
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: USS INDIANAPOLIS (CA 35) Sinking Why did the Navy establish the Movement Reporting System (MOVREP), update the escorting procedures, and life saving devices after July 30, 1945?  Se...

Importance of Information and Influence Activates in the So-called “hybrid Warfare”
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: The Importance of Information and Influence activates in the so-called “Hybrid Warfare” Abstract Information and Influence Activities (IIA) is an integral part of today’s...

Importance of Sustainment and Transportation in the Military
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Dec 2020
Introduction: This paper will explain four principles of sustainment and two roles of any two of the transportation component commands advantages and disadvantages in their support of the combatant commander....

Innovation in Military Systems
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Oct 2017
Introduction: Introduction Technology transfer across social sectors, industries, and national boundaries is a common phenomenon in contemporary times. These transfers are mostly driven by economic paradigms – t...

Iridium-next Communications Satellite
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: IRIDIUM-NEXT COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE Table of Contents Introduction Iridium-NEXT Mission Spacecraft Overview Bus Design Payload An...

Irregular Warfare and Military Strategy
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Nov 2020
Introduction: As the United States deals with the threat of near-peer competition, current irregular warfare (IW) doctrine is insufficient to with adversary irregular strategies which are intended to disrupt and degrade the National power over time...

Issue of Sexual Assault in the Military
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Sexual assault in the military has increased from 3,192 attacks in 2011 to 3,374 attacks in 2012 (Sexual Assault in the Military). Even though the military has a “zero tolerance” policy towar...

Joint operation planning process
Example essay. Last modified: 5th May 2017
Introduction: The Joint Operation Planning Process, or JOPP, supports planning at all levels and for missions across the full range of military operations. This planning process applies to both contingency planning...

Lance Corporal William Kyle Carpenter Biography
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Lance Corporal Carpenter’s Selfless Service and Heroic Actions Lance Corporal William Kyle Carpenter displayed the highest level of sacrifice and selfless service for his actions in A...

Levels of Leadership in the Military
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction:  The purpose of this essay is to tackle what the Levels of Leadership are in the military.  Leaders are the competitive advantage that can possess the technology and cannot replace or s...

Literature Review on Army Reserve Components’ Dual Identities
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Nov 2020
Introduction: As the largest component of the military branch, the United States Army has pulled the bulk of deployment duties since September 11, 2001. The Army reserve components consisting of National Guard and Reserves fought...

Mandatory Military Service: A good concept?
Example essay. Last modified: 25th Apr 2017
Introduction: Is mandatory military service a good thing for the country? Both World Wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War have one thing in commonmost who served were drafted through a mandatory system. Recentl...

Military Innovations in Civilian Use
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Military Innovations in Civilian Use Introduction:  War is nothing to be grateful about but the research and development that has been historically applied to the battlefie...

Mission Command and Operation Anaconda
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Abstract This essay conducts an analytical overview to “Operation Anaconda”, a military operation conducted in Eastern Afghanistan in early March of 2002. This operation was designed...

Mission Command in the Battle of La Drang
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: The efficiency of mission command makes it a preferred concept in the military because it enhances the capacity to accomplish assigned missions. Mission command guides the human factor to adopt a...

Political Objectives of the Falklands War
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: War as a Strategic Tool of Policy: The Falklands War – “Did War prove to be a Successful Means of Achieving Political Objectives? Examine from both UK and Argentinean perspectives.” ...

Poor Strategic Air Power in Rolling Thunder
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Nov 2020
Introduction: The Vietnam War proved extremely costly for the United States of America.  Despite being the world’s most technologically advanced superpower, America was held to a long stalemate by what was essentially a third world nation....

Prevalence of Rape Culture in the Military
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Nov 2020
Introduction: This paper will be analyzing the prevalence of rape culture in the military as well as dissecting the reasoning behind its existence and will discuss measures that can be taken to prevent it...

Principles of war
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015
Introduction: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study. Principles of war are key considerations that commanders use as an academic start point when contemplating combat operations. They range from stra...

Profielwerkstuk terrorisme: Westerse wereld - Islamitische wereld
Example essay. Last modified: 1st May 2017
Introduction: Inleiding: Het eind van vorig schooljaar stond in het teken van het zoeken van een onderwerp voor het profielwerkstuk. Al snel kwam ik tot de conclusie dat terrorisme mijn onderwerp zou worden. De bel...

Psychological Operations Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 24th Jul 2017
Introduction: ANALYSIS PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATION IN PANAMA According to the types of psychological operation general can be classified into three types, which were Strategic Psychological Operation, Tactical Psychol...

Psychology of Soldier Training in the UK
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: Bullying, humiliation and exclusion are all part of the British culture.  How does this assertion sit with our duty to produce trained soldiers for the front line by running hard, relevant and fair t...

Recruitment and Conflict Dynamics in the Salvadoran Civil War
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Recruitment and Conflict Dynamics in the Salvadoran Civil War  The two main actors in the Salvadoran civil war were the Salvadoran government/army and the Farabundo Martí National ...

Relationship between Gender and War
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Critically explore the relationship between gender and war Gender and war are inextricably linked in many ways, leading it to be a highly complicated relationship, with both components ...

Relevance of Strategy in the 'Wars of Annihilation' 1939-1945
Example essay. Last modified: 28th Jul 2021
Introduction: the idea of ‘total war’, which is defined by the Oxford Living Dictionaries to be “A war that is unrestricted in terms of weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.” An extension of total war incorporating a war on ideologies lead to “wars of annihilation”. Where it wasn’t about capturing the enemies land or ruling the enemy it was a matter of crushing their ideologies to prevent future uprises....

Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Military Intelligence
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: “Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Military Intelligence” Introduction Advancements in technology have had a beneficial and profound effect on the military intelligence enterpr...

Risks of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Warfare
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: The notion of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) warfare is a broad concept which encompasses the composition, delivery means and effects of engineered weapons containing one o...

Risks of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Security
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Risks of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Security AVM 303, Intro. Unmanned Aircraft System Abstract Unmanned aircraft systems, commonly referred to as drones, are rapidl...

Role of Intelligence in the Outcome of the Vietnam War
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2021
Introduction: In examining the role of intelligence in the overall outcome of the war, this paper will focus specifically on lead-up to U.S. escalation between 1962 and 1968....

Role of Merchant Marine for the Allies
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Sep 2017
Introduction: ROLE OF MERCHANT MARINE IN SUPPORTING WAR EFFORT IN ASIA PACIFIC IN WORLD WAR II AND LESSONS FOR INDIA INTRODUCTION “The men and ships of the Merchant Marine have participated in every landing...

Role of the Military in Establishing Democracy
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jan 2018
Introduction: ABSTRACT Under the conditions of globalization the term governance does not point to governmental and state actors, but it refers to intertwined governmental and non-governmental, private, transnation...

Security Issues of Contractors in the American Military
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Abstract This paper will show examples of how the United States military has become over-dependent on the use of government contractors.  The military cannot fight a war, or create ...

Social Shaping Technology: Critical Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Dec 2020
Introduction: This assignment provides critical analysis about The Social Shaping Technology, more specifically, military technology. Social relations thus influence technological change by defining the market....

Substance Abuse in the Military
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Abstract The reason for this expository essay is to address a portion of the numerous issues that the Military veterans have faced with the back to back deployments to combat zones. A po...

The Army Sexual Harassment/Assault Response Prevention (SHARP) Program.
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: The Army Sexual Harassment/Assault Response Prevention (SHARP) Program.  The Pentagon estimates that about 20,500 service members across the military branches about 13,000 women and...

The Horrors of U.X.Os
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Sep 2017
Introduction: Hannah Chartier The Vietnam War is the second longest war in United States history. It began on August 7, 1964 when the U.S. congress passed a joint resolution to go to war against the Communist Nor...

The Issue of Informatized Conflict
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Sep 2017
Introduction: Charles H. Rybeck, Lanny R. Cornwell, & Philip M. Sagan It took the remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936 to awaken many to the threat of the Nazis. In 1957, it took Sputnik to awaken the U...

The Land of Vietnam: Advantages and Disadvantages to the War
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Nov 2020
Introduction: The Land and Climate of Vietnam gave many disadvantages and advantages to the war. Due to the nature of Vietnam, climate and land was an important aspect to the war. The complexity of Vietnam made it hard for the Americans...

The Tet Offensive: Battle Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: Battle Analysis The Tet Offensive The Turing Point of the War DEFINE THE SUBJECT On January 30th and 31st, 1968, a series of coordinated surpris...

The Threat of ISIS to US Troops
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: ISIS Terrorists Remain Problematic for U.S. Troops Abstract  Part 1 of this research paper will advise why ISIS suicide terrorists are still the most effective threat to U....

To What Degree Did Air Power Contribute to Allied Victory at the Battle of El Alamein in October/November 1942?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: To what degree did air power contribute to Allied victory at the Battle of El Alamein in October/November 1942?   The second battle of El Alamein took place between October...

Truth in War: Green Zone and Why We Fight
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: The Truth is The First Casualty of War We might tend to believe that all warfare has always been based on deception. Addressing a statement usually used by warlords, about camouflaging a...

UK DMS Military Amputee Rehabilitation Strategy
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Aug 2017
Introduction: Introduction The previous chapter provided information regarding the context and background to the study, the research aim and objectives, the statement of the problem, the scope and limitations of ...

United States Air Force Training Program Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 26th Jun 2023
Introduction: United States Air Force Training Program Analysis Abstract Training and development is a key component to the success of any organization. The United States Air Force (USAF) has...

United States' Attack of Baghdad International Airport
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Nov 2020
Introduction: On the morning of April 3, 2003 United States troops marched on Baghdad International Airport, this decision would set the tone of the Battle of Baghdad and the rest of Operation Iraqi Freedom....

War Tactics Throughout History
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: War Tactics Throughout History War tactics have been very relevant throughout the world’s history, and it has changed the outcome of significant events with tactics and strategies....

Was the Hiroshima a Justified Act of War?
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020
Introduction: Hiroshima was a terrible act of war but no crime, in a just and necessary fight. Do you agree or disagree? Be specific. The deployment of atomic bomb in the final stages of the second Wo...

Western Front on 1914 Strategies for the Entente
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Sep 2017
Introduction: Christopher “Mike” White “Once the fighting deadlocked on the Western Front by the end of 1914, what strategic courses of action should the countries of the Entente and Germany hav...

What Do the Defensive Structures of Constantinople Suggest about Imperial Military Strategy?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: What do the defensive structures of Constantinople suggest about imperial military strategy By Rowan Riley   Introduction To understand the fortifications...

What Factors Contribute to Insurgency Group Success Against a State Actor?
Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020
Introduction: Research Question My research question comes from week 6: The Culture of Insurgencies. If approved, the question that I would like to answer to satisfy the course requirement is “W...

What Weapons Shaped World War II
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: What Weapons Shaped World War II     The Treaty of Versailles, Aggression of Japan, Policy of Appeasement, and the Failure of the League of Nations are just some of the e...

Why Do the Number of Sexual Assaults Continue to Increase Throughout the Army?
Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019
Introduction: The number of sexual assaults continue to grow in our Army. Alcohol is more often the cause of sexual assaults that occur. Seeing that it is an ongoing issue in the Army, there are many measures...